ECS Transactions

The purpose of this article is to examine school-based interventions that have been designed and developed to promote students' happiness, well-being, and academic achievement using a positive psychology approach that focuses on cultivating positive emotions, resilience, and positive character strengths. The current paper outlines the positive psychology movement and reviews evidence from 12 school-based positive psychology interventions that have been systematically evaluated, in response to calls from the 21^st century education movement for schools to incorporate students' happiness and well-being as a focus of learning. The findings of this research shows that positive psychology programs are linked to students' health, relationships, happiness, and academic success. The article offers recommendations for additional development of positive psychology interventions in schools, and explores those factors and variables that may influence positive psychology interventions to be extended and more systematically integrated into schools for happiness and well-being of students.

The aim of this paper is to investigate sustainable education and positive psychological interventions in schools towards achievement of sustainable happiness and well-being for 21^st century pedagogy and curriculum. The growing awareness that sustainability, happiness, and well-being are intertwined takes the discussion of happiness and sustainability to newer levels. Even though scholars and governments are now grappling with questions about policies for sustainability, happiness, and well-being, the general public may not be aware of these connections and none of these topics are well integrated into formal education. Nevertheless, the necessity for transforming education to play a leading role in sustainable education has never been more imperative, and thus it has been taken up extensively in this paper. The concept of sustainable happiness offers an innovative perspective to reinvigorate sustainability education and shape priorities for 21^st century learning: contributing to resilient, sustainable happiness and well-being for all. The education sector, however, is conservative and slow to adapt. The author recommends that happiness should be an aim of education, and a good education should contribute significantly towards personal and collective happiness. Broadening this recommendation to consider sustainable happiness and well-being for all is an overarching aim that could assist to reimagine the role of education in the 21^st century and serve as the foundation for setting new priorities.

This research has focused on Nike and its strategies that are helping the organization to influence buying behavior of its consumers. For this purpose, this research has collected data from two credible websites. After collecting data from these two websites, it was found that Nike's activities to influence buying behavior of its consumers completely depends on things such as new product development, customer engagement, and marketing. By collecting information from customers, such as their needs and expectations, the organization is developing attractive new products. On the other hand, through Nike+ website and by remaining active on social media sites, Nike is continuously communicating with its customers and is developing a positive relationship with them. Besides, through collaboration with third party companies such as Google, Nike is creating exciting ads that are alluring consumers towards the brand. Besides, by creating different social media pages for different brands, Nike is ensuring that it is connecting with consumers with different interests. Besides, Nike has continuously improved its products by collaborating with athletes and by introducing new technologies. These are the factors which are ensuring that consumers remain loyal to the organization to continuously buy from the organization.

In this study, we provide an overview regarding our recent finding on the mechanism, activity and particle size effect for the hydrogen oxidation and evolution reaction (HOR/HER) on Pt-group metal electrodes, under both acid and alkaline conditions. We show that there is an activity decrease of about two orders of magnitude when going from acid to base conditions on electrodes which are able to form a H-UPD layer like Pt, Ir, Pd and Rh. Similarities in the HOR/HER process between acid and base conditions have been found: the rate determining step, which has been identified by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements to be the Volmer reaction, remains the same and there is no particle size dependency on the reactivity of Pt electrodes. In the light of these finding, Volcano plots of the HOR/HER activities in acid and base have been proposed.

The Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRT) is an important analytical tool that is capable of giving initial information from Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) with respect to the number of relaxation processes occurring in the system and their corresponding relaxation frequencies. The DRT transformation with the Tikhonov regularization is used for analysis of EIS data obtained from the characterization Solid Oxide Fuel and Electrolysis Cells (SOFC/SOEC) operating at high temperatures. The effects of this transformation together with occurring pitfalls on the most commonly implemented circuit elements used to describe EIS data was investigated to gain a better understanding. The behavior of the DRT transformation as a function of the individual circuit elements is reported, the regularization parameter λ is taken as a sweep parameter to investigate its influence and optimal ranges for the selection of λ are presented.

Changes in the economy have influenced many areas of the life of the consumer. It also determines the behavior of consumers consumer-related to product consumption and purchasing. Consumers have reported different modifications in behavior related to their shopping behavior, particularly in the last few years, when the economic situation has undergone remarkable changes worldwide. As a recession time, consumers change their buying behavior and decrease or limit their purchasing due to financial issues. They focus on particular products that they find essential for survival. Due to the adverse economic environment, consumers constantly cut down their expenses until they feel stable regarding their finances. Changes in the economy determine consumers to change their extravagant lifestyle to a restrained one or vice versa by making expenses and buying patterns. This research paper examines changes in consumer behavior that occurred due to economic changes.

The purpose of this research was to find out how HRM influences the performance of talent management in an organization. For this purpose, Apple Inc. was selected and data was collected through primary data collection method by sharing a survey questionnaire with 25 random employees of Apple. From their responses, it was found that the HRM department of Apple ensures the effectiveness of the organization's different talent management techniques. It was found that the HRM department is responsible for developing, implementing, and maintaining talent management methods in an organization such as Apple Inc. Talent management method at Apple is effective due to its HRM department only.

The article discusses the possible applications of social robots in education, the technological and pedagogical challenges they possess, and the ways in which they may affect learning outcomes, concentrating only on robots intended to assist students in learning via social interaction. Author has highlighted three significant research problems : 1) Does robot tutors help improve students' learning outcomes? 2) Does appearance and behaviour of robots have a significant role to play on academic engagement of learners? 3) What could be the potential roles of a robot in an educational setting? A statistical meta-analysis of previously published research articles is used to substantiate author's claims. The larger aim of this article is to provide effective groundwork for future research by describing the expected outcomes of using social robots to offer education and identifying potential research areas for further inquiry.

A zero-dimensional stationary model for the I-U characteristics of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is presented. The different kinds of electrode polarization resistances are separated from experimental impedance data by means of a detailed equivalent circuit model specified for anode-supported cells. This has the big advantage that partial pressure and temperature dependency of electrode exchange current densities could be determined by a fit of semi-empirical power law model equations. For the first time, the exponents a and b for the pH2- and pH2O-dependency of the anodic exchange current density are obtained independently. Equally, the exponent m for the pO2-dependency of the cathodic exchange current density is derived. The anodic and cathodic gas diffusion polarization is calculated without the estimation of parameters such as tortuosity and porosity. Our approach is advantageous to separate anodic and cathodic activation and diffusion polarization and precisely predicts I-U characteristics for a wide operating range.

Water electrolysis has benefits over other hydrogen generation technologies due to the lack of carbon footprint when integrated with a renewable source of energy. Specifically, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is a promising technology for hydrogen generation applications because of the lack of corrosive electrolytes, small footprint, and ability to generate at high pressure, requiring only deionized water and an energy source. PEM electrolysis also produces very pure hydrogen, with none of the typical catalyst poisons that may be found in hydrogen produced from reforming. However, significant advances are required in order to in order to provide a cost-competitive hydrogen source for energy markets. This paper will discuss the current limitations and recent work by Proton Energy Systems towards reaching the DOE Hydrogen Program objective for distributed production of hydrogen from distributed water electrolysis of $3.70/gge by 2012.